Sensor Shift Structures In Optical Image Stabilization Suspensions

ABSTRACT

A suspension assembly is described. The suspension assembly including a static member or plate; a moving member or plate movable about an x-axis and a y-axis with respect to the static plate; a sensor mounting region on the moving plate; and one or more shape memory alloy (SMA) elements extending between and coupled to the static plate and moving plate. The SMA elements, when driven by a controller, move the moving plate and the sensor mounting region thereon about the x-axis and the y-axis with respect to the static plate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/435,231, filed on Dec. 16, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The invention relates generally to optical image stabilization (OIS) suspensions used in connection with cameras, including those incorporated into mobile devices such as phones and tablets.

BACKGROUND

Shape memory alloy (“SMA”) camera lens optical image stabilization (“OIS”) suspensions are generally known and disclosed, for example, in the Howarth U.S. Pat. No. 9,175,671, Miller U.S. Pat. No. 9,366,879, and Brown U.S. Pat. No. 9,479,699, the Ladwig U.S. Patent Application Publication 2016/0154251, Eddington U.S. Patent Application Publication 2015/0135703, and Howarth U.S. Patent Application Publication 2015/0346507, and the PCT International Application Publication Nos. WO 2014/083318 and WO 2013/175197, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and for all purposes. Embodiments include a moving member mounted to a support member. A base can be mounted to the side of the support member opposite the moving member. OIS assemblies of these types have an image sensor mounted to the base or support member and a lens holder with an auto focus (“AF”) assembly or mechanism mounted to the moving member. SMA wires couple the moving member to the support member and are controlled by a controller. The SMA wires are driven to move the moving member about x-y axes with respect to the support member to stabilize the position of the image produced by the lens on the sensor against vibrations such as those that might be caused by movement of the user's hands.

There remains, however, a continuing need for improved OIS suspensions. OIS suspensions of these types that are highly functional, robust and efficient to manufacture would be particularly desirable.

SUMMARY

A suspension assembly is described. The suspension assembly including a static member or plate; a moving member or plate movable about an x-axis and a y-axis with respect to the static plate; a sensor mounting region on the moving plate; and one or more shape memory alloy (SMA) elements extending between and coupled to the static plate and moving plate. The SMA elements, when driven by a controller, move the moving plate and the sensor mounting region thereon about the x-axis and the y-axis with respect to the static plate.

Other features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a sensor shift camera system including an optical image stabilization suspension according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly including centering springs according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 illustrates a centering spring of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly including 4 SMA wires according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly including looped SMA wire according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 9;

FIGS. 11a and b illustrate looped SMA wire configurations for optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to some embodiments;

FIG. 12 illustrates a cross section of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 13 illustrates optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a square wire sensor assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 illustrates optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a bow style sensor assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of the bow style sensor assembly illustrated in FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 illustrates optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment;

FIG. 18 illustrates exemplary movement of SMA material when the SMA material is heated and passes from a cold state to a hot state then back to a cold state;

FIG. 19 illustrates an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 illustrates a bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment in a flat, preformed state;

FIG. 21 illustrates half barrel roll interposer for an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 22 illustrates a half barrel roll interposer in a flat state prior to being formed into the final state of the half barrel roll interposer such as that illustrated in FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 illustrates an interposer including a 45 degree angled bend for an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment having flexible circuits;

FIG. 24 illustrates an interposer including a 45 degree angled bend for an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment having flexible circuits;

FIG. 25 illustrates interposer having flexible circuits protruding off 4 sides of the interposer in a flat state prior to being formed into the final state of the interposer such as that illustrated in FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 illustrates a bottom side of a moving member including heat sink features of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 27 illustrates a cross sectional view from the bottom of a moving member including heat sink features of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 28 illustrates a cross sectional view from the top of a moving member including heat sink features and conductive plating of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 29 illustrates a moving member of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including vias and conductive plating;

FIG. 30 illustrates an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including one or more hall sensors;

FIG. 31 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including one or more capacitance probes as a movement sensor;

FIG. 32 illustrates an example of determining movement using a capacitance probe according to an embodiment;

FIG. 33 illustrates an example of determining a nominal or center position of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 34 illustrates an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including a strain gage as a movement sensor;

FIG. 35 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment;

FIG. 36 illustrates a perspective view of the an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a bimetallic actuator illustrated in FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 illustrates a section of the bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment including bimorph actuators on the inner rails, flexible trace routing on the outer rails, and movement sensors such as those described herein;

FIG. 38 illustrates a top view of the bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment which includes the moving portion and a fixed portion;

FIG. 39 illustrates layout patterns for forming the integrated SMA bimorpth X/Y actuator according to an embodiment;

FIG. 40 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 41 illustrates a perspective view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly as illustrated in FIG. 40;

FIG. 42 illustrates a perspective view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment;

FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 44 illustrates a cross section of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the invention include optical image stabilization (OIS) suspensions having a static or support member or plate, a moving member or plate, and one or more shape memory alloy (SMA) elements or wires extending between the static and moving plates. An image sensor is mounted to the moving plate. Lens components such as a lens holder and optionally an auto focus (AF) assembly are fixedly mounted to or with respect to the static plate. The SMA wires can be driven by a controller to move the moving plate and image sensor thereon about x-y axes with respect to the static plate and lens components, and stabilize the position of the lens components and the image produced thereby on the sensor. The OIS suspension can thereby compensate for vibrations such as those that might be caused by movement of the user's hands. Suspensions of these types can be miniaturized, and used, for example, with camera lens and imaging systems incorporated into mobile phones, tablets and other devices.

Embodiments of the invention are described in the attached document entitled SMA OIS Sensor Shift Components, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. Processes and structures of the type described in the patents identified above in the background section can be used in connection with these embodiments. Conventional additive deposition and/or subtractive processes such as wet (e.g., chemical) and dry (e.g., plasma) etching, electro plating and electroless plating and sputtering processes in connection with photolithography (e.g., use of patterned and/or unpatterned photoresist masks), as well as mechanical forming methods (e.g., using punches and forms) can be used to manufacture the OIS suspension components in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Additive and subtractive processes of these types are, for example, known and used in connection with the manufacture of disk drive head suspensions, and are disclosed generally in the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes: Bennin et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,941,951 entitled Head Suspension Flexure with Integrated Strain Sensor and Sputtered Traces, Bennin et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,885,299 entitled Low Resistance Ground Joints for Dual Stage Actuation Disk Drive Suspensions, Rice et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,169,746 entitled Integrated Lead Suspension with Multiple Trace Configurations, Hentges et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,144,430 entitled Multi-Layer Ground Plane Structures for Integrated Lead Suspensions, Hentges et al. U.S. Pat. No. 7,929,252 entitled Multi-Layer Ground Plane Structures for Integrated Lead Suspensions, Swanson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 7,388,733 entitled Method for Making Noble Metal Conductive Leads for Suspension Assemblies, Peltoma et al. U.S. Pat. No. 7,384,531 entitled Plated Ground Features for Integrated Lead Suspensions, and Evans et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,862,015 entitled Head Suspension with Resonance Feedback Transducer.

Although described in connection with certain embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, although features of embodiments are described individually or in connection with certain other features, features of the described embodiments can be combined with any or all features of other embodiments. By way of non-limiting examples, any or all embodiments of the described x/y flexible circuit/connector, thermal management and/or x/y position feedback concepts can be incorporated into or combined with any of the sensor shift mechanism concepts.

FIG. 1 illustrates a sensor shift camera system including an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The sensor shift camera system 100 includes a lens stack assembly 102 mounted in an autofocus assembly 104. The auto focus (“AF”) assembly 104 includes one or more lenses 106 a-d configured to focus an image on an image sensor 108 using techniques including those known in the art. The AF assembly 104 is mounted on a camera housing 112.

The AF assembly 104 may be a voice coil magnet actuator (“VCM”) AF assembly or an SMA actuator AF assembly. A VCM AF assembly uses a voice coil magnet actuator to generate a motion in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the image sensor 108, for example in the direction of the z-axis 110 of the sensor shift camera assembly 101, to move one or more of lenses 106 a-d to focus an image on the image sensor 108 using techniques including those known in the art. An SMA actuator AF assembly uses SMA actuators to generate a motion in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the image sensor 108, for example in the direction of the z-axis 110 of the sensor shift camera assembly 100, to move one or more of lenses 106 a-d to focus an image on the image sensor 108 using techniques including those known in the art.

The image sensor 108 is attached to an optical image stabilization suspension assembly 114. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly 114 is configured to move the image sensor 118 in a plane parallel to a longitudinal axis of the image sensor 120, for example in directions of the x-axis and y-axis relative to the z-axis 110 of the sensor shift camera assembly 100. Shifting the image sensor 108 in the x and y directions relative to the static lens stack assembly 102 provides for the use of longer SMA wires since the optical image stabilization suspension assembly 114 does not have to make room of the image rays. The benefit of using longer SMA wires is that a longer stroke is achieved which provides the ability for the optical image stabilization suspension assembly 114 to compensate for greater movement.

The optical image stabilization suspension assembly 114, according to various embodiments, includes a static member 124, which can also be referred to as a static plate and a moving member 122, which can also be referred to as a moving plate. The moving member 122 is configured to receive the image sensor 108. For example, the image sensor 108 is attached to the moving member 122 at a sensor mounting region on the moving member 122. For some embodiments, the sensor mounting region is at or near the center of the moving member 122. For various embodiments, the image sensor 108 is attached to the moving member such that the image sensor 108 is between the moving member 122 and the static member 124 in order to reduce height of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly 114, which can reduce the overall height required for the sensor shift camera assembly 100.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly 214 is configured to have an image sensor 208 disposed on and attached to moving member 222. The moving member 222 includes wire crimps 204 a,b for attaching an SMA element such as SMA wires 212 a,b to the moving member 222. The SMA wires 212 a,b are located between the moving member 222 and the static member 224. The static member 224 includes wire crimps 216 a,b for attaching SMA wires 212 a,b to the static member 224. The static member 224, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 210 a-d. Any number of slide bearings 210 a-d may be used. Some embodiments include three slide bearings 210 a-d. The slide bearings 210 a-d can be made from a low friction material to enable relative sliding between the moving member 222 and the slide member 224. For some embodiments, the slide bearings 210 a-d are ball bearings with features formed on static member 224 to contain the ball bearings.

For various embodiments, any of the moving member wire crimps 204 a,b and the static member wire crimps 216 a,b can be offset from the respective moving member 222 and the static member 224 to put the SMA wires 212 a,b at different heights in between the static member 224 and the moving member 222 so that the SMA wires 212 a,b do not touch. For another embodiment centering springs are used to work against the pull force of the SMA wires 212 a,b and are configured to hold the moving member 222 down on the slide bearings 210 a-d. FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 2. When the SMA wires 212 a,b are activated using techniques including those known in the art, movement of the moving member 222 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis is created. For some embodiments, different power is provided to each SMA wire 212 a,b to move the moving member 222 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly including centering springs according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor 408 disposed on and attached to moving member 422. The moving member 422 includes wire crimps 404 a,b for attaching SMA wires 412 a,b to the moving member 422. The SMA wires 412 a,b are located between the moving member 422 and the static member 424. The static member 424 includes wire crimps 416 a,b for attaching SMA wires 412 a,b to the static member 424. The static member 424, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 410 a-d, such as described herein. For various embodiments, any of the moving member wire crimps 404 a,b and the static member wire crimps 416 a,b can be offset from the respective moving member 422 and the static member 424 to put the SMA wires 412 a,b at different heights in between the static member 224 and the moving member 222 as described herein.

The moving member 422 includes centering springs 430 a,b, for example a first centering spring 430 a and a second centering spring 430 b. Other embodiments include a moving member 422 including four centering springs. The static member 444 includes centering springs 432 a,b, for example a first centering spring 432 a and a second centering spring 432 b. Other embodiments include a statc member 422 including four centering springs. The centering springs 430 a,b and 432 a,b are used to work against the pull force of the SMA wires 412 a,b and are configured to hold the moving member 422 down on the slide bearings 410 a-d. FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 4. When the SMA wires 412 a,b are activated using techniques including those known in the art, movement of the moving member 422 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis is created.

FIG. 6 illustrates a centering spring of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The centering spring 602 includes a second formed spring arm 604 a aligned with the second direction of movement of a member, such as in the y-axis. The centering spring 602 also includes a second formed spring arm 604 b aligned with the second direction of movement of the member, such as in the y-axis. According to various embodiments, the first formed spring arm 604 a and the second formed spring arm 608 b are 90 degree formed spring arm, such that the longitudinal axis of the first formed spring arm 604 a and the second formed spring arm 604 b form a 90 degree angle. The spring arms are formed integral with and formed from the same material as one of the moving member or the static member. Forming the first formed spring arm 604 a and the second formed spring arm 604 b as 90 degree formed spring arms aids in lowering the stiffness of the springs. The first formed spring arm 604 a and the second formed spring arm 604 b are coupled with each other through a unformed corner section 608. The unformed corner section 608 is configured to provide clearance to the SMA wires attached to the wire crimps. The centering spring 602 also includes a spring foot 606. The spring foot 606 is formed to attach to the adjacent member. For example, the spring foot 606 of a formed spring arm of the moving member is attached to the static member and the spring foot 606 of a formed spring of the static member is attached to the moving member.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly including 4 SMA wires according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor 708 disposed on and attached to moving member 722. The moving member 722 includes wire crimps 704 a-d for attaching SMA wires 712 a-d to the moving member 722. The SMA wires 712 a-d are located between the moving member 722 and the static member 724. The static member 724 includes wire crimps 716 a-d for attaching SMA wires 712 a-d to the static member 724. The SMA wires 712 a-d are configured to be oriented in a cross but offset parallel from each other and wire crimps are in each corner of each of the moving member 722 and the static member 724. Two parallel SMA wires running from a first corner to a second corner of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly and attached to the respective crimps, one to the static crimp and one to the moving crimp. Each wire of a pair is configured to provide opposing direction motion when activated. This removes the need to rely on centering springs to pull the optical image stabilization suspension assembly back to a center position. The SMA wires 712 a-d are configured to pull against each other. A bias in pull force would cause the motion and if you want to move the optical image stabilization suspension assembly back to a center potion the activation bias of the SMA wire 712 a-d is the changed to the inverse of the other. The static member 724, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 710 a-d, such as described herein. For various embodiments, any of the moving member wire crimps 704 a-d and the static member wire crimps 716 a-d can be offset from the respective moving member 722 and the static member 724 to put the SMA wires 712 a-d at different heights in between the static member 724 and the moving member 722 as described herein. FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 7. When the SMA wires 712 a-d are activated using techniques including those known in the art, movement of the moving member 722 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis is created.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly including looped SMA wire according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor 908 disposed on and attached to moving member 922. The moving member 922 includes wire crimps 904 a,b for attaching SMA wires 912 a,b to the moving member 922. The SMA wires 912 a,b are located between the moving member 922 and the static member 924. The static member 924 includes wire crimps 916 a,b for attaching SMA wires 912 a,b to the static member 924. The static member 924, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 910 a-d, such as described herein. According to various embodiments, each slide bearings 910 a-d is configured with a pulley feature. For some embodiments, the pulley features are separate from one or more of the slide bearings 910 a-d. The pulley features are configured to allow one or more SMA wires 912 a,b wrapped around or engage a pulley feature, also referred to herein as a pin feature, to freely slide around the pulley features. The pulley features can be arranged in any configuration to generate movement in the moving plate 922. The pulley features separate from the slide bearings can be attached to a member using adhesive, welding, and other techniques known in the art.

For various embodiments, any of the moving member wire crimps 904 a,b and the static member wire crimps 916 a,b can be offset from the respective moving member 922 and the static member 924 to put the SMA wires 912 a,b at different heights in between the static member 924 and the moving member 922 as described herein. Other embodiments are configured with centering springs such as those described herein. Various embodiments may also include 4 SMA wires and 8 wire crimps such as those described herein. FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 9. When the SMA wires 912 a,b are activated using techniques including those known in the art, movement of the moving member 922 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis is created.

FIGS. 11a and b illustrate looped SMA wire configurations for optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to some embodiments. FIG. 11a four pulley features 1102 a-d with 2 SMA wires 1112 a,b. A first end of a first SMA wire 1112 a is attached to a first wire crimp 1116 a on a static member, also referred to as a static crimp. The first SMA wire 1112 a is wrapped around a first pulley feature 1102 a on the static member and a second pulley feature 1102 b on the static member (each of which are also referred to as a static pulley feature). The second end of the first SMA wire 1112 a is attached to a second wire crimp 1116 b on the moving member, also referred to as a moving crimp. This configuration results in a pull motion when the SMA wire 1112 a is activated using techniques such as those known in the art including applying a voltage, a current, or heat to the SMA wire.

A first end of a second SMA wire 1112 b is attached to a second wire crimp 1116 c on the static member, also referred to as a static crimp. The second SMA wire 1112 b is wrapped around a third pulley feature 1102 c on the static member (also referred to as a static pulley feature) and a fourth pulley feature 1102 d on the moving member (also referred to as a moving pulley feature). The second end of the second SMA wire 1112 b is attached to a second wire crimp 1116 d on the moving member, also referred to as a moving crimp. This configuration results in a push motion when the SMA wire 1112 a is activated using techniques such as those known in the art including applying a voltage, a current, or heat to the SMA wire.

FIG. 11b illustrates a two pulley features 1104 a,b with 2 SMA wires 1114 a,b. A first end of a first SMA wire 1114 a is attached to a first wire crimp 1118 a on a static member, also referred to as a static crimp. The first SMA wire 1114 a is wrapped around a first pulley feature 1104 a on the static member (also referred to as a static pulley feature). The second end of the first SMA wire 1114 a is attached to a second wire crimp 1118 b on the moving member, also referred to as a moving crimp. This configuration results in a push motion when the SMA wire 1114 a is activated using techniques such as those known in the art including applying a voltage, a current, or heat to the SMA wire.

A first end of a second SMA wire 1114 b is attached to a second wire crimp 1118 c on the static member, also referred to as a static crimp. The second SMA wire 1114 b is wrapped around a second pulley feature 1104 b on the moving member (also referred to as a moving pulley feature). The second end of the second SMA wire 1114 b is attached to a second wire crimp 1118 d on the moving member, also referred to as a moving crimp. This configuration results in a pull motion when the SMA wire 1114 b is activated using techniques such as those known in the art including applying a voltage, a current, or heat to the SMA wire.

One or more of the SMA wire and pulley feature configurations illustrated in FIGS. 11 a and b can be used optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to some embodiments to move a moving member in directions along the longitudinal axis and the latitudinal axis, for example in directions of an x-axis and a y-axis. Thus, an image sensor mounted to the moving member can be moved to offset any external force resulting in movement of a camera system that included the optical image stabilization suspension assembly.

FIG. 12 illustrates a cross section of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor disposed on and attached to moving member 1222. The moving member 1222 includes wire crimps 1204 a,b for attaching SMA wires 1212 a,b to the moving member 1222. The SMA wires 1212 a,b are located between the moving member 1222 and the static member 1224. The static member 1224 includes wire crimps 1216 a,b for attaching SMA wires 1212 a,b to the static member 1224. The static member 1224, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 1210 as described herein. Any number of slide bearings 1210 may be used and any configuration.

As described herein, one or more of the moving member wire crimps 1204 a,b and the static member wire crimps 1216 a,b can be offset from either one of or both of the respective moving member 1222 and the static member 1224 to put the SMA wires 1212 a,b at different heights or z-axis offsets in between the static member 1224 and the moving member 1222 so that the SMA wires 1212 a,b do not touch. As illustrated in the cross section of FIG. 12, a first wire crimp 1204 a on the moving member 1222 is formed to have an offset from the second wire crimp 1204 b on the moving member 1222 in an axis perpendicular to the face 1230 of the moving member 1222, for example an offset in the direction of a z-axis. The offset in the wire crimps 1204 a,b results in an wire offset 1240 of the SMA wires 1212 a,b. This offset can be used to prevent SMA wires 1212 a,b from interfering with each other during activation of one or both of the SMA wires 1212 a,b.

FIG. 13 illustrates optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a square wire sensor assembly according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor 1308 disposed on and attached to moving member 1322. The moving member 1322 includes wire crimps 1304 a-d for attaching SMA wires 1312 a-d to the moving member 1322. The SMA wires 1312 a-d are located between the moving member 1322 and the static member 1324. The static member 1324 includes wire crimps 1316 a-d for attaching SMA wires 1312 a-d to the static member 1324. The static member 1324, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 1310 a-c. Any number of slide bearings 1310 a-c may be used. Some embodiments include three slide bearings 1310 a-c. The slide bearings 1310 a-c can be made from a low friction material to better enable relative sliding between the moving member 1322 and the slide member 1324. For some embodiments, the slide bearings 1310 a-c are ball bearings with features formed on static member 1324 to contain the ball bearings.

The square wire sensor assembly is configured to have, according to various embodiments, the four SMA wires 1312 a-d mounted on the perimeter of the square wire sensor assembly. The four SMA wires 1312 a-d pull against each other to return the moving member 1322 to a center position. Having the SMA wires 1312 a-d mounted on the perimeter allows the moving member 1322 to sit closer to the static member 1324 than optical image stabilization suspension assemblies that have the SMA wires between the moving member and the static member. Thus, a thinner camera profile can be achieved. Further, for some embodiments the center portion 1342 of the moving member 1322 is configured to fit within a void 1344 within the static member 1324, also referred to as a z-height space (e.g., is in a recess or pocket in the moving member). Some embodiments of the square wire sensor assembly may include an optional base member 1340. For such embodiments, the center portion 1342 may be configured to fit within a void 1346 formed within the base member 1340.

The square wire sensor assembly, according to some embodiments, optionally include spring arms 1348 a,b. Spring arms 1348 a,b are formed on the moving member 1322 and are configured aid in the centering of the moving member 1322 and can also be configured to hold the moving member 1342 against the slide bearings 1310 a-c. For example, the spring arms 1348 a,b are configured to aid in moving the moving member to the center position of the square wire sensor assembly when the SMA wires 1312 a-d are not activated. For an embodiment, the spring arms 1348 a,b include a arcute portion and are configured to extend between the moving member 1342 and the static member 1344.

FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly illustrated in FIG. 13. When the SMA wires 1312 a-d are activated using techniques including those known in the art, movement of the moving member 1322 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis is created. For some embodiments, a different power is provided to each parallel pair of SMA wire 212 a-d to move the member 1322 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis.

FIG. 15 illustrates optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a bow style sensor assembly according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor 1508 disposed on and attached to moving member 1522. The moving member 1522 includes pin features 1504 a-d, also referred herein as pulley features, located on the outside corners of the moving member 1522. The pin features 1504 a-d are configured to have at least one of four SMA wires 1512 a-d wrapped around a pin feature 1504 a-d. The SMA wires 1512 a-d are located on the perimeter of the static member 1524. The static member 1524 includes eight wire crimps 1516 a-h for attaching the four SMA wires 1512 a-d between the wire crimps 1516 a-h. The static member 1524, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 1510 a-d. Any number of slide bearings 1510 a-d may be used. Some embodiments include three slide bearings 1510 a-d. The slide bearings 1510 a-c can be made from a low friction material to better enable relative sliding between the moving member 1522 and the slide member 1524. For some embodiments, the slide bearings 1510 a-d are ball bearings with features formed on static member 1524 to contain the ball bearings.

The bow style sensor assembly is configured to have, according to various embodiments, the four SMA wires 1512 a-d mounted on the perimeter of the bow style sensor assembly. The four SMA wires 1512 a-d pull against each other to return the moving member 1522 to a center position. Having the SMA wires 1512 a-d mounted on the perimeter allows the moving member 1522 to sit closer to the static member 1524 than optical image stabilization suspension assemblies that have the SMA wires between the moving member and the static member. Thus, a thinner camera profile can be achieved.

FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of the bow style sensor assembly illustrated in FIG. 15. When the SMA wires 1512 a-d are activated using techniques including those known in the art, movement of the moving member 1522 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis is created. According to some embodiments, when an SMA wire 1512 a-d is activated and contracts, the SMA wire 1512 a-d applies a normal force to the pin feature it is wrapped around. Varied amounts of applied force between the 4 SMA wires 1512 a-d acting on the respective pin feature 1504 a-d the SMA wire is wrapped around is used to move the moving member 1522 in the directions of the x-axis and the y-axis. Having the SMA wires 1512 a-d wrap around a respective pin feature 1504 a-d increases the SMA wires 1512 a-d length which increases the stroke. As the SMA wires 1512 a-d shrinks in length when the wires are activated the moving plate will move an increased amount of distance because of the increase in the stroke.

FIG. 17 illustrates optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor disposed on and attached to moving member 1722. The moving member 1722 includes spring arms 1704 a-d located on the outside of the moving member 1722. The spring arms 1704 a-d, according to various embodiments, are coupled with the moving member 1722 through a respective strut 1706 a-d. An SMA element such as SMA material 1708 a-d is applied to each of the spring arms 1704 a-d. The SMA material 1708 a-d is attached to the spring arms 1704 a-d using adhesive, solder, laser welding, resistance welding, and other techniques including those known in the art. For some embodiments that include spring arms 1704 a-d formed of conductive material such as stainless steel, the SMA material 1708 a-d is disposed on an insulation layer formed on the spring arms 1704 a-d using techniques including those known in the art. For other embodiments, the SMA material can be electrically and structurally attached to the spring arm at only the ends of the SMA material and free in the center region of the SMA material from the spring arm. Being free in the center region provides the SMA material to pull straight during actuation while the spring arm will bend in an arc. The spring arm can contain an electrical circuit for driving power through the SMA material for actuation, also referred to as activation.

The SMA material 1708 a-d can be applied to either side of a spring arm 1704 a-d, that is, on the side of the spring arm 1704 a-d facing towards the moving member 1722 or the face of the spring arm 1704 a-d facing away from the moving member 1722. For some embodiments, SMA material 1708 a-d is applied to both sides of a spring arm 1704 a-d.

The SMA material 1708 a-d will bend the spring arm 1704 a-d when heated resulting in movement of the moving member 1722 in the directions of the x-axis and y-axis. A controller can be used to apply coordinated power to the SMA material one one or more of the spring arms 1704 a-d to provide full motion in the x-axis and the y-axis of the moving member 1722. FIG. 18 illustrates exemplary movement of SMA material when the SMA material is heated and passes from a cold state to a hot state then back to a cold state using techniques known in the art. For example, the SMA material 1704 a-d can be heated with an electrical current.

The spring arms 1704 a-d also include static feet 1710 a-d. The static feet 1710 a-d are configured to attach to a static member such that the moving member 1722 moves relative to the static member when the SMA material 1704 a-d is activated.

FIG. 19 illustrates an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment. Similar to the bimetallic actuator as described in reference to FIG. 17, the bimetallic actuator includes four spring arms that are formed at 90 degrees from one another. This reduces its stiffness in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis for low resistance to movement in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis and give a high stiffness in the direction of an axis perpendicular to the moving member 1922, the z-axis. For various embodiments, the spring arms are formed to be wide. This wide spring arm provides for many trances to be formed on top of the spring arms. Form some embodiments, each spring arm includes 8 traces and 8 static electrical pads at the end of each spring arm for a total of 32 traces. However, any number of traces and electrical pads may be formed on the spring arm traces. For some embodiments, the traces are routed toward the center of the moving member 1922 to connect to an image sensor. FIG. 19 illustrates spring arms a continuously formed 90 degree section. Other embodiments include spring arms formed of multiple sections of 90 degree formed sections separated by unformed sections along a working length of the spring arms. FIG. 20 illustrates a bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment in a flat, preformed state. The bimetallic actuator is similar to the bimetallic actuators described in reference to FIGS. 17 and 19. The final form of the bimetallic actuator is formed from the flat state to form bimetallic actuators such as those illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 19.

FIG. 21 illustrates half barrel roll interposer for an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The half barrel roll interposer, according to some embodiments, is integrated into a moving member, such as those described herein. For other embodiments, the half barrel roll interposer is a separate component from a moving member and configured to attach to a moving member. The half barrel roll interposer includes one or more flexible circuits each with multiple traces that protrude off the side and are bent 180 degrees. The 180 degree bend makes the moving member flexible to move in the directions along the x-axis and the y-axis. For some embodiments, the 180 degree bend form line can be a 45 degree angle relative to the x and y axis. This would provide low and even resistance in movement in both the x and y axis. The circuit traces on the flexible circuits are connected to pads that are located around the image sensor on top of the half barrel roll interposer. The flexible circuits are configured to roll and twist during movement in the direction of the x and y axis. The flexible circuits include pads to connect to a static circuit below the half barrel roll interposer. Further, SMA wire and spring arms, such as those described herein, can be incorporated into the half barrel roll interposer. FIG. 22 illustrates a half barrel roll interposer in a flat state prior to being formed into the final state of the half barrel roll interposer such as that illustrated in FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 illustrates an interposer including a 45 degree angled bend for an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The interposer includes four flexible circuits, such as those described herein, that protrude off one side. The flexible circuits are formed at a 45 degree form line relative to the x axis and y axis in the plane of the moving member. For some embodiments, the flexible circuit has a reduced thickness of the flexible circuit in a bend region to further reduce the stiffness in the x-axis and the y-axis that provide easier movement in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis. FIG. 24 illustrates an interposer including a 45 degree angled bend for an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment having flexible circuits, such as those described herein, protruding off 4 sides of the interposer. Interposers can be configured to have flexible circuits protrude off one to four sides of the interposer. FIG. 25 illustrates interposer having flexible circuits protruding off 4 sides of the interposer in a flat state prior to being formed into the final state of the interposer such as that illustrated in FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 illustrates a bottom side of a moving member including heat sink features of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The heat sink features 2502 are located under the area where an image sensor 2508 is attached to the moving member 2522 and configured to aid in the removal of heat from the area around the image sensor 2508. The heat sink features 2502 can be created by metal etching or stamping grooves of various designs. Heat sing features may also include separate high conductivity materials that are attached to the bottom side of a moving member with conductive adhesives or solder. Highly conductive plating metals can be to the top and/or bottom side of the moving member on which the image sensor is attached. For some embodiments, vias can be formed into the moving members so highly conductive plating metals can more efficiently conduct heat from the top side to the bottom side heat sink features. FIG. 27 illustrates a cross sectional view from the bottom of a moving member including heat sink features of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. FIG. 28 illustrates a cross sectional view from the top of a moving member including heat sink features and conductive plating 2510 of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment. The conductive plating 2510 can be gold, nickel, copper, or other material that helps to conduct heat from the image sensor 2508. In addition to the heat sing features, according to some embodiments, the moving member 2522 includes vias formed in the moving member 2522 so conductive plating 2510 can more efficiently conduct heat from the top side to the bottom side heat sink features 2502.

FIG. 29 illustrates a moving member of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including vias and conductive plating. Vias 2802 are formed in a the base metal of a moving member 2822 of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly to create a heat path away from an image sensor 2808. For some embodiments, the vias 2802 are formed under the location of the image sensor 2808. The conductive plating 2810 is disposed on the top and bottom sides of the moving member 2822 and within the vias 2802 to form a heat path away from the image sensor 2808.

FIG. 30 illustrates an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including one or more hall sensors. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly includes a moving member 2922 and a static member 2924 configured to move an image sensor 2908 using techniques including those described herein. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly also includes one or more hall sensors 2904 placed on the moving member 2922. One or more magnets 2906 are placed on the static member 2924 near a respective hall sensor 2904. For some embodiments, the hall sensors 2904 are located on the moving member 2922 near magnets used in an autofocus assembly. Other embodiments include one or more hall sensors attached to the static member 2924 and one or more magnets attached to the moving member 2922. The position of the moving member 2922 in relation the static member 2924 is determined by sensing changes in the strength of the magnetic field generated by the one or more magnets 2906 using the one or more hall sensors 2904 using techniques including those known in the art.

FIG. 31 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including one or more capacitance probes as a movement sensor. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly includes a moving member 3022 and a static member 3024 configured to move an image sensor 3008 using techniques including those described herein. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly also includes one or more capacitance probes. The capacitance probe having a first portion 3004 formed on the moving member 3022 and a second portion 3006 formed on the static member 3024. The first portion 3004 and the second portion 3006 of the capacitive probe are formed of a conductive material such as copper and gold plated. The first portion 3004 and the second portion 3006 can be circular, rectangular, or triangular shape. The shapes can be designed to increase the amount of capacitance change seen when the moving member 3022 moves in one direction verses the other direction. So, one capacitance probe can be designed to only sense motion along an x-axis and the other capacitance probe can sense motion along a y-axis. Motion is determined by creating a change in overlapping area between the first portion 3004 and the second portion 3006. For example, more capacitance means the moving member 3022 moved in one direction in relation to the static member 3024. Less capacitance, as illustrated in FIG. 32, means the moving member 3022 moved in an opposite direction with respect to the static member 3024. As illustrated in FIG. 33, when the area of overlap of the first portion 3004 and the 3006 is the same for each capacitor probe, the capacitance with be about the same indicating that nominal or center position of the optical image stabilization suspension assembly.

According to embodiments, electrical leads or traces are connected to the first portion 3004 and the second portion 3006 of the capacitance probe using flexible circuits or connectors. The distance between the moving member 3022 and the static member 3024 can be adjusted for a desired nominal capacitance value. Reduced distance between the 2 plates of the capacitor probe will give a higher capacitance. This distance will then be held constant as the moving member 3022 moves in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis.

FIG. 34 illustrates an optical image stabilization suspension assembly according to an embodiment including a strain gage as a movement sensor. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly includes a moving member 3322 including spring arms according to embodiments described herein configured to move an image sensor using techniques including those described herein. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly includes one or more strain gage sensors 3304 attached to one or more of the spring arms. For some embodiments, a strain gage sensor 3304 is attached to a high stress region of a spring arm. When the moving member 3322 moves the spring arms will have strain that can be measured by a strain gage attached to it or built on top of it. By reading the various amounts of strain from multiple gages, full x/y position can be determined, for example using a controller with an algorithm. Such a strain gage sensor 3322 includes those similar to and manufactured by processes such as those described in Bennin et al. U.S. Pat. No. 8,941,951 and Evans et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,862,015.

Another implementation of a movement sensor includes a feedback position sensor using lens fiducial with image controller tracking algorithm. According to some embodiments, the lens is static in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis. A mark or fiducial is formed on one of the lens of the camera system that can be seen by the image sensor. For example, the fiducial can be on the far edges of a lens and therefore far edges of the image circle on the image sensor and in an area of the image that is cropped off of the saved picture. Another example includes having a fiducial on structure in the camera system other than on the lens that is within the sensing range of the image sensor. The camera's controller is configured to track the position of the one or more fiducials to determine which pixel of the sensor it is using. The position of one or more fiducials would feedback to through the controller to the optical image stabilization suspension assembly to move the assembly to make position corrections.

FIG. 35 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment. Such an bimetallic actuator is an integrated SMA Bimorph X/Y actuator with sensor shift traces as a movement sensor. As illustrated in FIG. 35, the integrated SMA Bimorph X/Y actuator includes 2 SMA actuators 3502 in each corner of the integrated SMA bimorpth X/Y actuator 3504. The integrated SMA bimorph X/Y actuator 3504 is configured to rest on one or more slide bearings 3510 on a base member 3524. Any number of slide bearings 3510 may be used. Some embodiments include three slide bearings 3510. The slide bearings 3510 can be made from a low friction material to better enable relative sliding between the integrated SMA bimorpth X/Y actuator 3504 and the base member 3524. For some embodiments, the slide bearings 3510 are ball bearings with features formed on base member 3524 to contain the ball bearings. FIG. 36 illustrates a perspective view of the an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as a bimetallic actuator illustrated in FIG. 35.

FIG. 37 illustrates a section of the bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment including bimorph actuators 3504 on the inner rails, flexible trace routing 3506 on the outer rails, and movement sensors such as those described herein. The trace routing 3506 is configured to transmit electrical signals to components including activation signals to the bimorph actuators 3504. The pair of bimorph actuators 3504 in each corner of the integrated SMA bimorph X/Y actuator 3504 are formed using SMA material that when activated using techniques described herein create a moving portion 3602 as illustrate in FIG. 38. FIG. 38 illustrates a top view of the bimetallic actuator according to an embodiment which includes the moving portion 3602 and a fixed portion 3604. The fixed portion is attached to the base member 3524. The fixed portion 3604 is attached to the base member 3524 by techniques including, but not limited, to adhesive and solder. Thus, the moving portion 3602 is configured to move in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis relative to the fixed portion 3604 and the base member 3524. Further, a movement sensor such as those described herein is also integrated into integrated SMA bimorph X/Y actuator 3504. FIG. 39 illustrates layout patterns for forming the integrated SMA bimorpth X/Y actuator using etching and deposition techniques including those known in the art.

FIG. 40 illustrates an exploded view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment. The integrated SMA actuator assembly includes wire crimps, traces, and a sensor using techniques described herein integrated in to the SMA actuator member 4022. The optical image stabilization suspension assembly is configured to have an image sensor disposed on and attached to SMA actuator member 4022. The SMA actuator member 4022 includes wire crimps 4004 for attaching four SMA wires 4012 to the SMA actuator member 4022 using techniques including those described herein. According to some embodiments, wire crimps 4004 are configured as a one or more crimp sub-assemblies, where each crimp sub-assembly includes a static and a moving crimp. The SMA actuator member 4022 is configured to attach to a base member 4024. The base member 4024, according to some embodiments, also includes one or more slide bearings 4010 as described herein. Any number of slide bearings 4010 may be used and any configuration.

FIG. 41 illustrates a perspective view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly as illustrated in FIG. 40. The SMA actuator member 4022 includes trace termination pads on opposing sides of the SMA actuator member 4022 for providing electrical signals via traces on the member. FIG. 42 illustrates a perspective view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment. The SMA actuator includes trace rails 4220 formed on spring arms configured to center the SMA actuator using techniques including these described herein. The trace rails 4220 for some embodiments include 16 traces on each of the 2 spring arms. FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment. The trace rails 4220, according to some embodiments are formed at 90 degree angle to reduce the stiffness in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis. FIG. 44 illustrates a cross section of an optical image stabilization suspension assembly implemented as an integrated SMA actuator assembly according to an embodiment. The integrated SMA actuator includes a moving portion 4006 and a fixed portion 4008. The fixed portion 4008 is attached to the base member 4024. The fixed portion 4008 is attached to the base member 4024 by techniques including, but not limited, to adhesive and solder. Thus, the moving portion 4006 is configured to move in the direction of the x-axis and the y-axis relative to the fixed portion 4008 and the base member 4024. Further, a movement sensor such as those described herein is also integrated into integrated actuator.

Although the invention has been described with reference to different embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although described as dual camera assemblies, other embodiments of the invention are configured for three or more cameras. Features of the different illustrated embodiments can be combined with one another in still other embodiments. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A suspension assembly comprising: a static member or plate; a moving member or plate movable about an x-axis and a y-axis with respect to the static plate; a sensor mounting region on the moving plate; and one or more shape memory alloy (SMA) elements extending between and coupled to the static plate and moving plate, wherein the SMA elements, when driven by a controller, move the moving plate and the sensor mounting region thereon about the x-axis and the y-axis with respect to the static plate.
 2. The suspension assembly of claim 1 further including an image sensor mounted to the moving plate at the sensor mounting region.
 3. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including a lens and optionally an auto focus mechanism generally fixedly mounted about the x-y axes with respect to the static plate.
 4. The suspension assembly of claim 1 wherein the sensor mounting region is within a z-height space defined by the static and moving plates.
 5. The suspension assembly of claim 1 wherein the SMA elements include at least two SMA wires extending across one another and below the sensor mounting region.
 6. The suspension assembly of claim 5 wherein the at least two SMA wires extending across one another are spaced from one another in a z height direction.
 7. The suspension assembly of claim 5 and including two pairs of SMA wires below the sensor mounting region, wherein the SMA wires of each pair cross the SMA wires of the other pair.
 8. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including one or more pulleys on one or both of the static plate and moving plate, and wherein each pulley is engaged by at least one SMA element.
 9. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including one or more springs coupling the moving plate to the static plate.
 10. The suspension assembly of claim 9 wherein one or more of the springs includes a spring arm.
 11. The suspension assembly of claim 10 wherein the one or more spring arms are integral with and formed from the same material as one of the moving plate and the static plate.
 12. The suspension assembly of claim 9 wherein one or more of the springs is shaped or otherwise configured to provide clearance for one or more of the SMA elements.
 13. The suspension assembly of claim 1 wherein the SMA elements are in a space outside a perimeter of the sensor mounting region.
 14. The suspension assembly of claim 13 including bow style SMA elements on the static plate and pins on the moving plate that are engaged by the SMA elements.
 15. The suspension assembly of claim 1 wherein: the assembly further includes one or more spring arms including an arcuate portion and extending between the moving plate and static plate; and the one or more SMA elements include SMA material on the arcuate portions of the one or more spring arms to form a bimetallic actuator.
 16. The suspension assembly of claim 15 wherein: the spring arms have a major surface that is generally perpendicular to a major surface of the moving plate; and the SMA material is on the major surface of the spring arms.
 17. The suspension assembly of claim 16 wherein the one or more spring arms are integral with and formed from the same material as one of the moving plate and the static plate.
 18. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including: one or more spring arms extending from the moving plate; and electrical traces on the spring arms; and wherein optionally the spring arms are metal, and the suspension assembly further includes an insulating layer between the electrical traces and the spring arms.
 19. The suspension assembly of claim 18 wherein the one or more spring arms are integral with and formed from the same material as the moving plate.
 20. The suspension assembly of claim 18 wherein the spring arms include bends.
 21. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including one or more flexible circuit connectors including electrical traces extending from the moving plate.
 22. The suspension assembly of claim 21 wherein the one or more flexible circuit connectors are integral with the moving plate.
 23. The suspension assembly of claim 21 wherein the one or more flexible circuit connectors have one or more angled bends, and wherein the bends are optionally about 45 degrees.
 24. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including a heat sink on the moving plate.
 25. The suspension assembly of claim 24 wherein the heat sink includes one or more of formed heat sink features on the moving plate, heat conductive material such as plating on the moving plate, and one or more heat conductive material vias extending through the moving plate.
 26. The suspension assembly of claim 1 and further including one or more position sensing elements on one or both of the static plate and moving plate.
 27. The suspension assembly of claim 26 wherein the one or more position sensing elements include one or both of a hall sensor and a magnet.
 28. The suspension assembly of claim 26 wherein the one or more position sensing elements includes capacitance probes.
 29. The suspension assembly of claim 26 wherein the suspension assembly further includes: one or more spring arms coupling the moving plate to the static plate; and a strain gage on one or more of the spring arms.
 30. The suspension assembly of claim 1, comprising one or more bearings enabling the movement of the moving plate with respect to the static plate.
 31. The suspension assembly of claim 12, wherein SMA material is electrically and structurally attached to the one or more of the SMA elements on only the two ends of the SMA elements and free in the middle portion of the SMA element. 